Ibn Sina
Is Abu Ali Husayn ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sina, known in medicine and philosophy, was born in the village (Avhna) Persian year 370 AH and died in 427 AH Humthan attack. The title of President Sheikh, and the bones of men of thought in Islam, the most famous philosophers of the Middle and doctors. Born in the village (Avhna) Persian zero in year 370 AH (year 980 m) of the mother and father of the people of the village came from Balkh (now Afghanistan). Then his family moved him to Bukhara (Uzbekistan) to run some of the work his father's financial Stan suggestive bin Mansour al-Samani al. In Bukhara, the Qur'aan, the son of ten years, and absorbed in the various sciences of jurisprudence and literature and philosophy of medicine, and remained in that city until he reaches the century. It is noted that when he was eighteen years of age treated Sultan Nuh ibn Mansur's disease when doctors is hot, the Sultan opened his library, rich reward. He then moved to the algorithm, where he stayed the order of ten years (392-402 AH), and from there to Gorgan Along irrigation. And then moved to Hamadan where he remained for nine years, and then entered in the service of the State Ala Isfahan. Thus he spent his life traveling until his death in Hamedan, in the month of Sha'ban in 427 AH (the year 1037 AD). Disease is said to be wounded, "colic" in his life. And when it approaches the feel for it, washed, and repent and believe and freed his slaves
Left Ibn Sina multiple books covering various fields of knowledge in his day, and most important:8 Science of the mechanism, and includes books of logic, and attached to the language of books and poetry.8 science theory, and includes books of science overall, and divine science, sports, science, and natural science.8 science process, and include books of ethics, and management of the house, and the management of the city, and legislation.
Mathematics wrote:The effects of Ibn Sina sports a corner, Euclid, concise, and brief Alaratamatiqi, and aware of the brief, and concise Almagest, and a message in the statement of the reason for the land in the middle of the sky. Printed in the total (inclusive Alibdaúa), in Cairo in 1917.
Natural science books and related accessories:Collected physics Ibn Sina in the healing and salvation, signs, etc. found in the bookcases of the messages not only to complete what was in these books. One of these messages: a message to invalidate the provisions of the stars, and a message in the upper bodies, and causes of lightning and thunder, and a message in the space, and a message in plants and animals.
Medicine wrote:Months, Ibn Sina Medical book of the law which has been translated and printed several times and which was taught at the universities of Europe until the late nineteenth century. It is also a book written by medical drugs attack, and writers pay for college physical disadvantages of humanity, and the Book of colic, and a message in the policy of the body and the virtues of the drink, and a message in the Anatomy of members, and in the message phlebotomy, and a message in the food and medicine. And Ibn Sina Medical Eragiz many, including: a poem on anatomy, poem Almejrebat in medicine, medical Millennium famous translated and printed
Algorithm
He is Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Musa Khwarizmi, it is said that the origin of the algorithm, which is located today in Uzbekistan, while al-Tabari refers to the rate in its history in the name of another algorithm, which is to Qatribl located near Baghdad, Mesopotamia. We do not know the year of his birth, but it is contemporary and safe. Resided in Baghdad, where his name and fame spread after it emerged his will in astronomy and mathematics. Contact Caliph Mamoun, who honored him, and referred it to work in "House of Wisdom", founded by the Caliph of the scientists, scientists become trusted. He died in 232 AH.
Leave the algorithm a number of books including: Zij first, Zij, known for writ of India, the book marble, book work Balastrlab, algebra book and interview, written for the necessary people from the need to in Muarithm and Ossaaahm, and Mkasemthm and judgments and their trade, and in all of the deal by including the earths and sleep area rivers and engineering, and other of its aspects and its arts. And addresses the algebra book and the interview transactions between people such as selling, purchasing, exchange of dirhams, leasing, and looking in the work of land surveying shall appoint the unit of measurement, and the practical work dealing with an area of some surfaces, and the area of a circle, and square piece of the Chamber, was appointed to the value of the ratio approximate i was 7 / 13 or 7 / 22, and also reached to the expense of some objects, Kherm triangular and quadrilateral pyramid and cone.It is characterized by the algorithm it is the first of the separation between science and algebra, and is the first to tackle algebra a logical scientific manner.Algorithm is not considered one of the most prominent Arab scientists, but a celebrity in the world of science, as there were many aspects of his genius. Apart from that, I put the foundations of modern algebra, leaving the important influences in astronomy and tomorrow (marriages), a reference to the employers of this science. The people briefed on the numbers of engineering, the wages of arithmetic is not available scientific nature of the Indians who took them these numbers. It could be argued that the rise of Europe in the mathematical sciences, which took him off his athletes, and otherwise to this renaissance was delayed and delayed for so civil not easy.Leave the algorithm a number of books including: Zij first, Zij, known for writ of India, the book marble, book work Balastrlab, algebra book and interview, written for the necessary people from the need to in Muarithm and Ossaaahm, and Mkasemthm and judgments and their trade, and in all of the deal by including the area of the Two Lands, and the flow of rivers and engineering, and other of its aspects and its arts. And addresses the algebra book and the interview transactions between people such as selling, purchasing, exchange of dirhams, leasing, and looking in the work of land surveying shall appoint the unit of measurement, and the practical work dealing with an area of some surfaces, and the area of a circle, and square piece of the Chamber, was appointed to the value of the ratio approximate i was 7 / 13 or 7 / 22, and also reached to the account of the size of some objects, Kherm triangular and quadrilateral pyramid and cone.Khwarizmi also went to study mathematics, astronomy, geography and history. He formed his books, which flourished before the age when the Greek transport science. The algorithm was a safe astrologers, have participated in the calculation of the sun in Milan that time. He also addressed the issues in the practice of astrology. And discuss to what extent the combination of planets, a letter arrived the Prophet peace be upon him at birth. The algorithm also prepared a set of images of the heavens and the world at the request of the safe.But the real back-known algorithm that first invented algebra to remain at the forefront of sports science for three centuries in a row. And the equations of the second degree three types of boundaries defined root (Q) and money (Q 2) and the number of single (reduction of Q-free). Began by mentioning the equations that contain two of these double-edged border, the number of the three forms, respectively: (a) Q = b Q, a Q 2 = h, b h = Q.And explain how to solve the numerical examples, each limited to specific quantities positive.The algorithm was able to coordinate between the Greek and Indian mathematics, it is the Indian system, enter the numbers rather than letters of the alphabet. Enter the numbers and the decimal system, and use the zero. It is also the most important work he put tables pockets and a petition in triangles, and geometric representation of the cone cuts the expense of science and the development of two mistakes which led to the concept of differentiation. Also provided inputs to the algorithm and geographical maps. And books on practicing accountant and sundials and astrolabes.The impact of the algorithm in much of Western civilization, until the algorithm has been linked to the term "algorithm" means the provisions of the steps to solving mathematical problems. This term has been defined in European languages to Algorithim (algorithms) as it was credited to enter the words other than the pit, such as zero Zero to Latin languages.There is no doubt that the work of the algorithm in the large field of mathematics were the result of his own research, but he performed well by many in the compilation and development of the information that was already present when the Greeks and Indians, he gave her the special nature of the commitment logic. With the algorithm, taking the world to use Arabic numerals that have changed drastically and the perception it.Click to view the image in a separate pageThe algorithm identified all elements of the algebraic equation as we understand it today. When algebra and algorithm means taking the negative border of a place in the sides of the equation of constraint to the other party, but it means deleting the corresponding limits are similar in the two parties. The algorithm introduced six classes of equations as follows:A Q = b Q, a Q 2 = c, b x = cA Q 2 + bx = c, ax 2 + c = b Q, a Q 2 Q = b + cThe algorithm has proved the various formulas for solutions through equal spaces. One of the main issues that forced six ratios algorithm to all works from the account of reparation and an interview is a proof of the equation that I knew his name (equivalent algorithm) is on the following image:Q 2 + 10 x = 39The athletes came from the Muslims after the algorithm and worked on the development and dissemination of equations.He is the algorithm another book is believed to be intended to be a book educational compact in arithmetic, which he explained the system to use numbers and numbers of India, as explaining ways to addition, subtraction, division and multiplication and calculate fractions, and the transfer of this booklet to Spain, and translated into Latin in the twelfth century He holds the book translated into German territory and returns it to the first version in 1143 AD, which is handwritten and is present in the library of tiles in Vienna, and found the second version of it in the monastery of Salem, which is now kept Phaidlberg. And soon the Germans that made the name of the algorithm something easier for them to pronounce Vosmoh Jerosmes poems in Latin, and organized a comment on his theory.Algorithm not only effort on the education of the West, writing numbers, arithmetic, went well beyond that point to the complex problems of mathematics. Al Qaeda is still computational Jerosmes today bears his name as a science of their flags. He knew his supporters in Germany, Spain and England, who fought great struggle for the dissemination of his way sports as Akhawarzmeyen, and was Zverhm supporters of mathematical method known as the Abacus great, spreading Arabic numerals nine preceded by a zero in all parts of Europe, and when the transfer of the West from the Arabs their numbers were taken with their way of read the numbers from right to left, the ones first, then dozens.The algorithm, when eating in his book Ground Zero in the operations of addition and subtraction, such as thirty-eight minus twenty-eight equals ten, said: "In the IPOs as there was no staying put is zero, do not leave the place empty, so there is no confusion between the single digits and double digits." He adds: "The zero must be on the right of the number, because the zero on the left of the one instance does not change the value does not make it ten," and see later that the translators of Western sources in Arab translate them literally into Latin and had been taken including the system of writing and reading among the Arabs, any from right to left.After that spread the Arabic numerals in Italy, she had to cross the Alps to Europe, and the journey arduous fraught with obstacles, they have to consider many of them with doubt and suspicion, and asked businessmen: to be very simple for those willing deception to change zero, for example, becomes a six- ? The new method, we facilitate our business, but opens the door wide open to deception, how Namnha the conclusion of contracts and covenants?But the new numbers began Despite this proves its existence, it is sufficient to write four digits of the Church of the record in its construction and luring those numbers the easy people, Victboha on the graves of the dead, then went slowly to the personnel records and traders came in place of numbers ROMANIAN long the occupy pages and pages. It took, despite all of this to several centuries before the graduated numbers ROMANIAN Barah forever, figures ROMANIAN was the official figures since he learned the Roman Germanic tribes carved on their premises, their money and spread through the tradesmen and their armies and monasteries, and forgotten people over the years that those figures strange them, Germans for example, were upset that the numbers of Arab expatriate, and it was difficult for people to learn to write Arabic numbers of new and read, Venzmoha Eragiz link between the form of Arabic numerals, and other forms familiar to them so easily saved and written, and rich people of those words is willing for them to sing, why This prevents the figures of the Romanian new figures to wrestle with a view to further stay, and the people's understanding of the meaning of the fields and the value of the numbers in the dozens or hundreds of the biggest problem faced wishing to learn Arabic numerals.Focused and math scores of her efforts in explaining to people the meaning of the fields and methods of use of those numbers. Signed and people are perplexed, they can not forget what they used to cramped centuries of Roman numerals at the same time they are eager to learn these simple Arabic numerals.Algorithm Research corrected Ptolemy in the Greek world geography, based on his own research. He supervised the work of 70 geographically to complete the first map of the world. When his work became known in Europe, translated into Latin, had a big role in the progress of science in the West.
He is Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Musa Khwarizmi, it is said that the origin of the algorithm, which is located today in Uzbekistan, while al-Tabari refers to the rate in its history in the name of another algorithm, which is to Qatribl located near Baghdad, Mesopotamia. We do not know the year of his birth, but it is contemporary and safe. Resided in Baghdad, where his name and fame spread after it emerged his will in astronomy and mathematics. Contact Caliph Mamoun, who honored him, and referred it to work in "House of Wisdom", founded by the Caliph of the scientists, scientists become trusted. He died in 232 AH.
Leave the algorithm a number of books including: Zij first, Zij, known for writ of India, the book marble, book work Balastrlab, algebra book and interview, written for the necessary people from the need to in Muarithm and Ossaaahm, and Mkasemthm and judgments and their trade, and in all of the deal by including the earths and sleep area rivers and engineering, and other of its aspects and its arts. And addresses the algebra book and the interview transactions between people such as selling, purchasing, exchange of dirhams, leasing, and looking in the work of land surveying shall appoint the unit of measurement, and the practical work dealing with an area of some surfaces, and the area of a circle, and square piece of the Chamber, was appointed to the value of the ratio approximate i was 7 / 13 or 7 / 22, and also reached to the expense of some objects, Kherm triangular and quadrilateral pyramid and cone.It is characterized by the algorithm it is the first of the separation between science and algebra, and is the first to tackle algebra a logical scientific manner.Algorithm is not considered one of the most prominent Arab scientists, but a celebrity in the world of science, as there were many aspects of his genius. Apart from that, I put the foundations of modern algebra, leaving the important influences in astronomy and tomorrow (marriages), a reference to the employers of this science. The people briefed on the numbers of engineering, the wages of arithmetic is not available scientific nature of the Indians who took them these numbers. It could be argued that the rise of Europe in the mathematical sciences, which took him off his athletes, and otherwise to this renaissance was delayed and delayed for so civil not easy.Leave the algorithm a number of books including: Zij first, Zij, known for writ of India, the book marble, book work Balastrlab, algebra book and interview, written for the necessary people from the need to in Muarithm and Ossaaahm, and Mkasemthm and judgments and their trade, and in all of the deal by including the area of the Two Lands, and the flow of rivers and engineering, and other of its aspects and its arts. And addresses the algebra book and the interview transactions between people such as selling, purchasing, exchange of dirhams, leasing, and looking in the work of land surveying shall appoint the unit of measurement, and the practical work dealing with an area of some surfaces, and the area of a circle, and square piece of the Chamber, was appointed to the value of the ratio approximate i was 7 / 13 or 7 / 22, and also reached to the account of the size of some objects, Kherm triangular and quadrilateral pyramid and cone.Khwarizmi also went to study mathematics, astronomy, geography and history. He formed his books, which flourished before the age when the Greek transport science. The algorithm was a safe astrologers, have participated in the calculation of the sun in Milan that time. He also addressed the issues in the practice of astrology. And discuss to what extent the combination of planets, a letter arrived the Prophet peace be upon him at birth. The algorithm also prepared a set of images of the heavens and the world at the request of the safe.But the real back-known algorithm that first invented algebra to remain at the forefront of sports science for three centuries in a row. And the equations of the second degree three types of boundaries defined root (Q) and money (Q 2) and the number of single (reduction of Q-free). Began by mentioning the equations that contain two of these double-edged border, the number of the three forms, respectively: (a) Q = b Q, a Q 2 = h, b h = Q.And explain how to solve the numerical examples, each limited to specific quantities positive.The algorithm was able to coordinate between the Greek and Indian mathematics, it is the Indian system, enter the numbers rather than letters of the alphabet. Enter the numbers and the decimal system, and use the zero. It is also the most important work he put tables pockets and a petition in triangles, and geometric representation of the cone cuts the expense of science and the development of two mistakes which led to the concept of differentiation. Also provided inputs to the algorithm and geographical maps. And books on practicing accountant and sundials and astrolabes.The impact of the algorithm in much of Western civilization, until the algorithm has been linked to the term "algorithm" means the provisions of the steps to solving mathematical problems. This term has been defined in European languages to Algorithim (algorithms) as it was credited to enter the words other than the pit, such as zero Zero to Latin languages.There is no doubt that the work of the algorithm in the large field of mathematics were the result of his own research, but he performed well by many in the compilation and development of the information that was already present when the Greeks and Indians, he gave her the special nature of the commitment logic. With the algorithm, taking the world to use Arabic numerals that have changed drastically and the perception it.Click to view the image in a separate pageThe algorithm identified all elements of the algebraic equation as we understand it today. When algebra and algorithm means taking the negative border of a place in the sides of the equation of constraint to the other party, but it means deleting the corresponding limits are similar in the two parties. The algorithm introduced six classes of equations as follows:A Q = b Q, a Q 2 = c, b x = cA Q 2 + bx = c, ax 2 + c = b Q, a Q 2 Q = b + cThe algorithm has proved the various formulas for solutions through equal spaces. One of the main issues that forced six ratios algorithm to all works from the account of reparation and an interview is a proof of the equation that I knew his name (equivalent algorithm) is on the following image:Q 2 + 10 x = 39The athletes came from the Muslims after the algorithm and worked on the development and dissemination of equations.He is the algorithm another book is believed to be intended to be a book educational compact in arithmetic, which he explained the system to use numbers and numbers of India, as explaining ways to addition, subtraction, division and multiplication and calculate fractions, and the transfer of this booklet to Spain, and translated into Latin in the twelfth century He holds the book translated into German territory and returns it to the first version in 1143 AD, which is handwritten and is present in the library of tiles in Vienna, and found the second version of it in the monastery of Salem, which is now kept Phaidlberg. And soon the Germans that made the name of the algorithm something easier for them to pronounce Vosmoh Jerosmes poems in Latin, and organized a comment on his theory.Algorithm not only effort on the education of the West, writing numbers, arithmetic, went well beyond that point to the complex problems of mathematics. Al Qaeda is still computational Jerosmes today bears his name as a science of their flags. He knew his supporters in Germany, Spain and England, who fought great struggle for the dissemination of his way sports as Akhawarzmeyen, and was Zverhm supporters of mathematical method known as the Abacus great, spreading Arabic numerals nine preceded by a zero in all parts of Europe, and when the transfer of the West from the Arabs their numbers were taken with their way of read the numbers from right to left, the ones first, then dozens.The algorithm, when eating in his book Ground Zero in the operations of addition and subtraction, such as thirty-eight minus twenty-eight equals ten, said: "In the IPOs as there was no staying put is zero, do not leave the place empty, so there is no confusion between the single digits and double digits." He adds: "The zero must be on the right of the number, because the zero on the left of the one instance does not change the value does not make it ten," and see later that the translators of Western sources in Arab translate them literally into Latin and had been taken including the system of writing and reading among the Arabs, any from right to left.After that spread the Arabic numerals in Italy, she had to cross the Alps to Europe, and the journey arduous fraught with obstacles, they have to consider many of them with doubt and suspicion, and asked businessmen: to be very simple for those willing deception to change zero, for example, becomes a six- ? The new method, we facilitate our business, but opens the door wide open to deception, how Namnha the conclusion of contracts and covenants?But the new numbers began Despite this proves its existence, it is sufficient to write four digits of the Church of the record in its construction and luring those numbers the easy people, Victboha on the graves of the dead, then went slowly to the personnel records and traders came in place of numbers ROMANIAN long the occupy pages and pages. It took, despite all of this to several centuries before the graduated numbers ROMANIAN Barah forever, figures ROMANIAN was the official figures since he learned the Roman Germanic tribes carved on their premises, their money and spread through the tradesmen and their armies and monasteries, and forgotten people over the years that those figures strange them, Germans for example, were upset that the numbers of Arab expatriate, and it was difficult for people to learn to write Arabic numbers of new and read, Venzmoha Eragiz link between the form of Arabic numerals, and other forms familiar to them so easily saved and written, and rich people of those words is willing for them to sing, why This prevents the figures of the Romanian new figures to wrestle with a view to further stay, and the people's understanding of the meaning of the fields and the value of the numbers in the dozens or hundreds of the biggest problem faced wishing to learn Arabic numerals.Focused and math scores of her efforts in explaining to people the meaning of the fields and methods of use of those numbers. Signed and people are perplexed, they can not forget what they used to cramped centuries of Roman numerals at the same time they are eager to learn these simple Arabic numerals.Algorithm Research corrected Ptolemy in the Greek world geography, based on his own research. He supervised the work of 70 geographically to complete the first map of the world. When his work became known in Europe, translated into Latin, had a big role in the progress of science in the West.
Born
thinker around 580 BC. M on the island of Samos in the Aegean Sea,
Greece, and the island of Samos was one of the important commercial
centers at the time, was characterized as a distinctive culture. This
allowed for Pythagoras, the son of a man of Mysore, to receive the best
education possible at the time, and while the sixteen years of age
began to show his genius even teachers unable to answer his questions. So he moved to schooled by Tals Malta, the first Grecian conducted a study of the process of preparation. Pythagoras
founded his school of about 529 BC. Krotona in M, a Grecian port of
southern Italy was flourishing at the time, he enrolled a large number
of students. The nearest school to be a religious group from the school to be the correct sense of the word. The
members get to know a secret signal, and have a share in all things, as
that is assisted by committing themselves to each other. Know
the Pythagorean theorem, coupled with his name, and provides that in a
right-angled triangle, and the box is the gut, ie the longest side,
equal to the sum of boxes Aldilaan others. And also discovered the sum of the angles of the three angles of any triangle is equal to two lists. Some of them also believed that he was the thought in the multiplication table is known, although there is no proof of that. Pythagoras was fascinated with numbers, months, and he said: (all numbers of things). It
is not that odd word, as it may seem at first glance, and that every
thing in the world but is made up of numbers of atoms arranged in
different forms. Pythagoras
was thought that the numbers have forms such as those we see in
(flowers) table and called the idea of the numbers (square) or (cubic)
but is his idea is. Pythagoras
was not fond of numbers and engineering sciences, but also other known,
as well as his passion for matters of religion were not there he wrote
the then prevalent, was the preferred method is to continue to study
improvisation and meet with scientists. Pythagoras spent several years in Egypt. In the fifty years of age he had learned a lot so he wanted the establishment of a school to teach others. Pythagoras
was the lessons of dealing with four degrees of wisdom: arithmetic,
geometry, music, astronomy, rights and duties toward others, and
religion, and his students were required to practice the virtues of
chivalry and piety, obedience and fidelity, that is all that was
advocated by the Greek ideal of society. Pure life in the opinion of Pythagoras, it means the life of austerity. There
are a number of rules that set was like a ritual, for example, was
prohibited his disciples to turn the fire with a rod of iron, or pick up
what happened on the ground, the music was Pythagoras of paramount
importance. From
the teachings of Pythagoras that the earth and the universe Mstdaran,
so is the integrated education that combines the study of scientific and
ethical norms and religion. Pythagoras was teaching a mixture of mysticism and mental analysis. Alwithagorsaon
and indulge in politics, and whenever they were acquired or ordered
authority groups have shown contempt for the ignorant that can not be
able to live the high life of contemplation. This led to their downfall, after people revolted them. Pythagoras died in his eightieth year, and remained his teachings and theories are spreading!! After
two hundred years, established the People's Assembly (parliament) a
statue of Pythagoras in Rome in honor and appreciation and recognition
as a great wise Igriqia
Ibn al-Nafis: a physician and scholar of the world
Grew up Ibn al-Nafis in the entire Qurashiyyah acts of Homs, and grew up in the middle of fields and gardens, and the Homs this present task of the Islamic world countries, where excelled by scholars in jurisprudence and Hadith, and in the Arabic language from about the exchange, and the statement, and the meanings and Badi.
He Aladdin Abu Ala Ibn al-Nafis to it, and joined the School of Jurisprudence and talk it, and has been studying science and Arab statement and disbursement, and understand their meanings and Bdiaha in record time Iatdh schools by Ibn al-Nafis, was a compliment teachers Telmivhm illustrious very encouraging, even horses to some that Ibn al-Nafis and the jurisprudence of the world will be a modern first-class.
But Ibn al-Nafis went in another direction, where he found himself eager for science and medicine, and perhaps the motivation to study medicine being in the year 629 AH / 1231 CE, a health crisis befell him he says it "has to offer us diets are different, and were enacted at that time the close of the two and twenty years, and while those of Aovina Almredh, make us ill we thought those doctors who treated him to engage in industry, medicine Nnf the people. " But this desire met with strong opposition from parents, because the study of medicine in those years was something new to the community of Homs, who was the councils of science which is full of jurisprudence, language, talk, and so astonished at the choice of Ibn al-Nafis of Medicine and his father was the first conscientious objectors to desire it, but Ibn al-Nafis insisted to study medicine, hoping his father to give him this opportunity, promising him to work to attain an advanced position in it.
After a long discussion, he persuaded his father, Ibn al-Nafis and the importance of studying medicine, he agreed to his son traveling to Damascus to attend the "bimaristan Nouri", relative to Nur ad-Din Builder bimaristan this.
Damascus was in that period under the rule of the Ayyubid who care for science in general and medicine in particular, and made Damascus the capital of Sciences and Arts, was home, in what has, library great containing precious books, and Pemmarstana greatly attracted the most skilled doctors age who flocked to him from everywhere.
In this Institute, he studied medicine Ibn al-Nafis by "polite-Din Abdel-Rahim," the famous eye doctor, who died in 628 AH / AD 1230 AD, and Imran Israeli deceased 637, H / 1229 AD. The doctor feat described by Ibn Abi Usaibia, who was born in Damascus (year 600 AH / 1203 AD) and Zamel Ibn al-Nafis in the apprenticeship and training on his hands, saying: "Having dealt with many diseases chronic they had been tired of life, and he gave doctors Brihm, Fberioa on his hands with drugs strange or treatments described in exquisite known. "
In the year 633 AH / 1236, fled Ibn al-Nafis to Cairo, and said she was on the impact of litigation sharp with Ibn Abi Usaibia, he enrolled Balbimarsstan of Nazareth, and was able to Jeddah and striving to become its president, and the pupils of the school medical attached to it, and then go a few years later to Bimaristan " Qalawun "on the impact of the construction is completed in 680 AH / 1281 AD.
It has also become physician to the Sultan Baybars al-Bunduqdari king of Egypt and the Levant, for the past twenty-two years of the Zahir Baybars.
Fame Ibn al-Nafis doctor, but he did not forget pay attention to the jurisprudence on the Shafi'i school, he enrolled in school Almsroria, was a contemporary in Egypt, significant events have had impact on the region and the world, including the Crusades in the Levant, and the invasion of Hulagu Khan and the Tatars to Baghdad, the destruction of the Tatars, once the word the most pain.
After thirty-nine years of his stay in Egypt, and in 671 AH / 1271 solution by the epidemic swept through towns and villages and wounded people seriously injured.
Confronted Ibn al-Nafis to the disease with courage, and when they grew the disease and spread in the Department of spread, and claimed that kills men, women and children, a medical team great for the implementation of his commandments in the treatment of patients, and after about six months, could the doctor to control the disease and its eradication, Vkrema Egyptians, and gave him gifts, and nicknamed him "Masri," and showered him money, which enabled him to buy a house spacious, and lived in affluence, and the frequency on its board of scientists, dignitaries and students asking him questions of jurisprudence, medicine, literature, and described his contemporaries as a cream self, good manners, a frank opinion, religious to Shafi'i school, so devoted to him Subki translation in his book "layers Shaafa'is major", as a jurist Hafiea. "
Coupled with the name Ibn al-Nafis discovered the minor blood circulation, or blood circulation, pulmonary, recorded in his book to "explain anatomy of law" by Ibn Sina, and before the world the English physician Harvey deceased (the year 1068 AH / 1657 AD), which was discussed at the session of the blood after more than three and a half centuries of the death of Ibn al-Nafis, people continued to deliberate, even during this illusion for the truth Mohiuddin Tatawi in his science.
Has raised what he wrote Tatawi the attention of researchers, led by "Meyerhof" German orientalist, who wrote in a research from Ibn al-Nafis: "What amazed me is similar, even identical sentences basic words Serfitus * hearings to Ibn Sina, which translated into a literal translation; As briefed "Aldumile" on Almtnin said: "The Ibn al-Nafis described the circulation and the small words match his words Serfitus completely, and so it is right to be attributed to detect rotation President not to Ibn al-Nafis" Serfitus or Harvey. "
However, the discovery of the minor blood circulation is one of the many contributions, but due to him that he had discovered twenty small and large for the circulatory system, and the development of the theory of impressive in vision and vision, and revealed many facts anatomical, and bring together the knowledge of medical and pharmaceutical in his day, and provided the knowledge bases for scientific research and perceptions of the experimental scientific method.
And Ibn al-Nafis was the first student from his patients the need for moderation in salt intake, and provided more accurate descriptions of the dangers of salt, and its impact on high pressure, and it excelled in the Anatomy of the larynx and respiratory system, arteries, and between functions.
As for the dissection of human bodies Ibn al-Nafis, the controversy around the house, and appeared on the horizon and views of the three:
First team deny that Ibn al-Nafis and scholars of Muslim Arabs anything anatomical was, and this view Max Meyerhof (18741954), who says: "The Islamic law in the first appearance allows the study of science at all, and we can say that since the back of the teacher of religious famous al-Ghazali (1111 m) onwards, the solution of religious persecution of these studies place to allow it, claiming it will lead to doubt in the belief the origin of the world the existence of creative, "but back Faaterv that:" if not this position is sufficient to prevent the emergence of scholars thinkers are free, there is no doubt, it was a factor very important to stifle the voices of those thinkers. "
The second group: such as Dr., Mr. Abdul Karim Shehadeh, and Dr. Amin Saad Khairallah, says: "Ibn al-Nafis had explained, but only to explain the animal." As did Galen.
The third group, including Dr. Solomon Qtaah, Dr. Haddad, they think that Ibn al-Nafis explain the body of rights, and strengthens the Panel's view, saying the legitimacy of an autopsy rights, and attributed the sovereignty of the idea of prohibition autopsy rights to the legacies of the popular vernacular emanating from deep respect for the ancestors and the dead, nothing to do with religion to religion. This is addressed to the discussions between Clute your Kloot Bek doctor Mohamed Ali the Great, who established the school of Abu Zaabal medical, wanted to dissect the bodies for the education of students, objected by some, he went to the largest religious scholars at that time, Sheikh Laroussi, and got his approval hidden for the teaching of anatomy, and took promise him not to do so only cautiously and confidential, and that "a fear of collision ancient beliefs." To this effect went Ibn al-Nafis, said in the introduction to his book, "explained Anatomy": "The Sdna directly from the autopsy and scruples of Sharia, and the ethics of mercy."
This talk is seen by Dr. Solomon Qtaah evidence of the Ibn al-Nafis autopsy, where he says: It is known that the author writes the introduction to his book after the author, and perhaps to note the Ibn al-Nafis that the statement in his book was evidence that it carries the autopsy, and found that it is the best and most appropriate to deny charge him from the beginning, he wrote this sentence, especially as the few who read the whole speech, because a few copies of it.
It was based on "Meyerhof" and "limp" and others on this sentence to deny that Ibn al-Nafis autopsy at all.
Works of Ibn al-Nafis
Ibn al-Nafis many books, some published and others still locked shelves manuscripts did not see the light of day, from this literature:
Explain the chapters of Hippocrates, and polite in kohl tempter, the summary of Medicine, explain anatomy of law, one of the most important books, and highlights the value in describing the circulation of the blood micro-, and discovered that the heart muscle fed by the blood scattered inside not from the blood in his stomach. It shows confidence in the book Ibn al-Nafis in his knowledge; where the words of the greatest reverse two doctors, identified by the Arabs at that time, namely, Galen, and Avicenna, but his works are in the greatest masterpiece, the great known as the "destruction in the medical industry."
It was Ibn al-Nafis was drafting his collection in three hundred volumes, including the eggs of eighty, which is the epitome of scientific efforts of Muslims in Medicine and Pharmacy of five centuries of continuous work. Has developed Ibn al-Nafis to be a beacon and guide those who work in medical science.
Ibn al-Nafis to the genius in medicine, philosopher, scholar of history, scholar and linguist, he works in the language, grammar, even the son of copper linguist known not accept words, one in Cairo, as is the words of Ibn al-Nafis, and he was spending most of his time at work or in the composition and classification or in the education of his students.
Islamic writings:
Interested in Ibn al-Nafis, like the Muslim writers and scholars, science Islamic walking and talks, has remained one of his books that said about them, it was many a book in the biography of the Prophet (PBUH) under the title: "The message Camellia in the Biography of Muhammadiyah," and another book in the assets of the modern under Title: "brief in the modern pedagogy."
Has learned to speak a message in the book viewer Abu Hayyan monotheistic "Bin neighborhood awake," and this letter under the title "Bin Fadel spokesman."
Ibn al-Nafis also wrote books on jurisprudence, but it was on the alert for an explanation Shirazi .. However, the sources pointed out that this book mentioned a name did not get a copy of it to make sure of that.
It is said that Ibn Al-Nafis wrote in an explanation of the philosophy of the book "signals", and another of the book "to guide the wisdom" of the writer and President Sheikh Ibn Sina, and we note that most of his books were rated and an explanation of the famous books.
And death
In his last days, after he was eighty years of age, disease, six days a severe disease, and doctors tried to Ieljoh with wine, and pushed his mouth he is suffering from the torment of the disease, saying: "God is not threw something in the groundwater of the wine." Not long by the disease; died in the magic of Friday (21 November with 687 AH = 17 December 1288).
Grew up Ibn al-Nafis in the entire Qurashiyyah acts of Homs, and grew up in the middle of fields and gardens, and the Homs this present task of the Islamic world countries, where excelled by scholars in jurisprudence and Hadith, and in the Arabic language from about the exchange, and the statement, and the meanings and Badi.
He Aladdin Abu Ala Ibn al-Nafis to it, and joined the School of Jurisprudence and talk it, and has been studying science and Arab statement and disbursement, and understand their meanings and Bdiaha in record time Iatdh schools by Ibn al-Nafis, was a compliment teachers Telmivhm illustrious very encouraging, even horses to some that Ibn al-Nafis and the jurisprudence of the world will be a modern first-class.
But Ibn al-Nafis went in another direction, where he found himself eager for science and medicine, and perhaps the motivation to study medicine being in the year 629 AH / 1231 CE, a health crisis befell him he says it "has to offer us diets are different, and were enacted at that time the close of the two and twenty years, and while those of Aovina Almredh, make us ill we thought those doctors who treated him to engage in industry, medicine Nnf the people. " But this desire met with strong opposition from parents, because the study of medicine in those years was something new to the community of Homs, who was the councils of science which is full of jurisprudence, language, talk, and so astonished at the choice of Ibn al-Nafis of Medicine and his father was the first conscientious objectors to desire it, but Ibn al-Nafis insisted to study medicine, hoping his father to give him this opportunity, promising him to work to attain an advanced position in it.
After a long discussion, he persuaded his father, Ibn al-Nafis and the importance of studying medicine, he agreed to his son traveling to Damascus to attend the "bimaristan Nouri", relative to Nur ad-Din Builder bimaristan this.
Damascus was in that period under the rule of the Ayyubid who care for science in general and medicine in particular, and made Damascus the capital of Sciences and Arts, was home, in what has, library great containing precious books, and Pemmarstana greatly attracted the most skilled doctors age who flocked to him from everywhere.
In this Institute, he studied medicine Ibn al-Nafis by "polite-Din Abdel-Rahim," the famous eye doctor, who died in 628 AH / AD 1230 AD, and Imran Israeli deceased 637, H / 1229 AD. The doctor feat described by Ibn Abi Usaibia, who was born in Damascus (year 600 AH / 1203 AD) and Zamel Ibn al-Nafis in the apprenticeship and training on his hands, saying: "Having dealt with many diseases chronic they had been tired of life, and he gave doctors Brihm, Fberioa on his hands with drugs strange or treatments described in exquisite known. "
In the year 633 AH / 1236, fled Ibn al-Nafis to Cairo, and said she was on the impact of litigation sharp with Ibn Abi Usaibia, he enrolled Balbimarsstan of Nazareth, and was able to Jeddah and striving to become its president, and the pupils of the school medical attached to it, and then go a few years later to Bimaristan " Qalawun "on the impact of the construction is completed in 680 AH / 1281 AD.
It has also become physician to the Sultan Baybars al-Bunduqdari king of Egypt and the Levant, for the past twenty-two years of the Zahir Baybars.
Fame Ibn al-Nafis doctor, but he did not forget pay attention to the jurisprudence on the Shafi'i school, he enrolled in school Almsroria, was a contemporary in Egypt, significant events have had impact on the region and the world, including the Crusades in the Levant, and the invasion of Hulagu Khan and the Tatars to Baghdad, the destruction of the Tatars, once the word the most pain.
After thirty-nine years of his stay in Egypt, and in 671 AH / 1271 solution by the epidemic swept through towns and villages and wounded people seriously injured.
Confronted Ibn al-Nafis to the disease with courage, and when they grew the disease and spread in the Department of spread, and claimed that kills men, women and children, a medical team great for the implementation of his commandments in the treatment of patients, and after about six months, could the doctor to control the disease and its eradication, Vkrema Egyptians, and gave him gifts, and nicknamed him "Masri," and showered him money, which enabled him to buy a house spacious, and lived in affluence, and the frequency on its board of scientists, dignitaries and students asking him questions of jurisprudence, medicine, literature, and described his contemporaries as a cream self, good manners, a frank opinion, religious to Shafi'i school, so devoted to him Subki translation in his book "layers Shaafa'is major", as a jurist Hafiea. "
Coupled with the name Ibn al-Nafis discovered the minor blood circulation, or blood circulation, pulmonary, recorded in his book to "explain anatomy of law" by Ibn Sina, and before the world the English physician Harvey deceased (the year 1068 AH / 1657 AD), which was discussed at the session of the blood after more than three and a half centuries of the death of Ibn al-Nafis, people continued to deliberate, even during this illusion for the truth Mohiuddin Tatawi in his science.
Has raised what he wrote Tatawi the attention of researchers, led by "Meyerhof" German orientalist, who wrote in a research from Ibn al-Nafis: "What amazed me is similar, even identical sentences basic words Serfitus * hearings to Ibn Sina, which translated into a literal translation; As briefed "Aldumile" on Almtnin said: "The Ibn al-Nafis described the circulation and the small words match his words Serfitus completely, and so it is right to be attributed to detect rotation President not to Ibn al-Nafis" Serfitus or Harvey. "
However, the discovery of the minor blood circulation is one of the many contributions, but due to him that he had discovered twenty small and large for the circulatory system, and the development of the theory of impressive in vision and vision, and revealed many facts anatomical, and bring together the knowledge of medical and pharmaceutical in his day, and provided the knowledge bases for scientific research and perceptions of the experimental scientific method.
And Ibn al-Nafis was the first student from his patients the need for moderation in salt intake, and provided more accurate descriptions of the dangers of salt, and its impact on high pressure, and it excelled in the Anatomy of the larynx and respiratory system, arteries, and between functions.
As for the dissection of human bodies Ibn al-Nafis, the controversy around the house, and appeared on the horizon and views of the three:
First team deny that Ibn al-Nafis and scholars of Muslim Arabs anything anatomical was, and this view Max Meyerhof (18741954), who says: "The Islamic law in the first appearance allows the study of science at all, and we can say that since the back of the teacher of religious famous al-Ghazali (1111 m) onwards, the solution of religious persecution of these studies place to allow it, claiming it will lead to doubt in the belief the origin of the world the existence of creative, "but back Faaterv that:" if not this position is sufficient to prevent the emergence of scholars thinkers are free, there is no doubt, it was a factor very important to stifle the voices of those thinkers. "
The second group: such as Dr., Mr. Abdul Karim Shehadeh, and Dr. Amin Saad Khairallah, says: "Ibn al-Nafis had explained, but only to explain the animal." As did Galen.
The third group, including Dr. Solomon Qtaah, Dr. Haddad, they think that Ibn al-Nafis explain the body of rights, and strengthens the Panel's view, saying the legitimacy of an autopsy rights, and attributed the sovereignty of the idea of prohibition autopsy rights to the legacies of the popular vernacular emanating from deep respect for the ancestors and the dead, nothing to do with religion to religion. This is addressed to the discussions between Clute your Kloot Bek doctor Mohamed Ali the Great, who established the school of Abu Zaabal medical, wanted to dissect the bodies for the education of students, objected by some, he went to the largest religious scholars at that time, Sheikh Laroussi, and got his approval hidden for the teaching of anatomy, and took promise him not to do so only cautiously and confidential, and that "a fear of collision ancient beliefs." To this effect went Ibn al-Nafis, said in the introduction to his book, "explained Anatomy": "The Sdna directly from the autopsy and scruples of Sharia, and the ethics of mercy."
This talk is seen by Dr. Solomon Qtaah evidence of the Ibn al-Nafis autopsy, where he says: It is known that the author writes the introduction to his book after the author, and perhaps to note the Ibn al-Nafis that the statement in his book was evidence that it carries the autopsy, and found that it is the best and most appropriate to deny charge him from the beginning, he wrote this sentence, especially as the few who read the whole speech, because a few copies of it.
It was based on "Meyerhof" and "limp" and others on this sentence to deny that Ibn al-Nafis autopsy at all.
Works of Ibn al-Nafis
Ibn al-Nafis many books, some published and others still locked shelves manuscripts did not see the light of day, from this literature:
Explain the chapters of Hippocrates, and polite in kohl tempter, the summary of Medicine, explain anatomy of law, one of the most important books, and highlights the value in describing the circulation of the blood micro-, and discovered that the heart muscle fed by the blood scattered inside not from the blood in his stomach. It shows confidence in the book Ibn al-Nafis in his knowledge; where the words of the greatest reverse two doctors, identified by the Arabs at that time, namely, Galen, and Avicenna, but his works are in the greatest masterpiece, the great known as the "destruction in the medical industry."
It was Ibn al-Nafis was drafting his collection in three hundred volumes, including the eggs of eighty, which is the epitome of scientific efforts of Muslims in Medicine and Pharmacy of five centuries of continuous work. Has developed Ibn al-Nafis to be a beacon and guide those who work in medical science.
Ibn al-Nafis to the genius in medicine, philosopher, scholar of history, scholar and linguist, he works in the language, grammar, even the son of copper linguist known not accept words, one in Cairo, as is the words of Ibn al-Nafis, and he was spending most of his time at work or in the composition and classification or in the education of his students.
Islamic writings:
Interested in Ibn al-Nafis, like the Muslim writers and scholars, science Islamic walking and talks, has remained one of his books that said about them, it was many a book in the biography of the Prophet (PBUH) under the title: "The message Camellia in the Biography of Muhammadiyah," and another book in the assets of the modern under Title: "brief in the modern pedagogy."
Has learned to speak a message in the book viewer Abu Hayyan monotheistic "Bin neighborhood awake," and this letter under the title "Bin Fadel spokesman."
Ibn al-Nafis also wrote books on jurisprudence, but it was on the alert for an explanation Shirazi .. However, the sources pointed out that this book mentioned a name did not get a copy of it to make sure of that.
It is said that Ibn Al-Nafis wrote in an explanation of the philosophy of the book "signals", and another of the book "to guide the wisdom" of the writer and President Sheikh Ibn Sina, and we note that most of his books were rated and an explanation of the famous books.
And death
In his last days, after he was eighty years of age, disease, six days a severe disease, and doctors tried to Ieljoh with wine, and pushed his mouth he is suffering from the torment of the disease, saying: "God is not threw something in the groundwater of the wine." Not long by the disease; died in the magic of Friday (21 November with 687 AH = 17 December 1288).
Ibn
al-Haytham: Is the Arab world, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn
al-Haytham Abu Ali Basri, the world of optics and engineering has many
books and scientific discoveries confirmed by modern science. Born
Ibn al-Haytham in the city of Basra in Iraq in 354 AH - 965 AD, in the
era was booming in the various sciences of mathematics and astronomy,
medicine, etc., are worked on the study Alenghualbbarat and read the
books of his predecessors of the Greek scientists and others in this
area, he wrote several letters and books those in science and contributed to the development of the main rules to them. Ibn Al-Haitham, died in the city of Cairo in Egypt in 1038 m from the age of 73 inThe
most important achievements: the corresponding (or optics) - image of
the eclipse - the moon parallax - see the planets - the alarm on the
monitoring of the mistake - square the circle - the assets of the area -
columns triangles - Holocaust Balqtoa mirrors - mirrors the Holocaust
circles - how to adumbration - message
in the twilight - explain the origins of Euclid in engineering and the
number - inclusive of the assets of the account - analysis of
engineering problems - Analysis of numerical issues. Ibn
al-Haytham and more than 80 books and a message, view the progress of
the planets and the moon and other celestial bodies and their
dimensions. Ibn
al-Haytham much literature that up to eighty books and a message in the
various fields of science, and perhaps most important of these writings
the book scenes, which put the theory known which are based on optics
later and states that the eye be able to see emission of radiation from
objects at them and this is proven by science contrary to the modern world, the Greek Ptolemy, who said that the eye out toward the rays of the objects you can see it. .
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Kharazmi known Berhan right.
Specialization:Philosopher and historian, a doctor and chemist and mathematician, astronomer, mine algorithm.
Birth:Born in the algorithm in 973 CE and died in Baghdad in 1051 AD.Born in the village from the outskirts of the capital of the Khorezm Cath. But do not know per Specifically, as he himself said, "I do not really know the ratios ... I do not know who was my grandfather."
Its inception:Grew up in the algorithm and studied the plant sciences to the world of Grecian, and then left at about the age of twenty to the coast of the Caspian Sea, which escape the pain of the disorder. In the new home met the second by Professor Abe easy Isa Christian. After the raft-Biruni, and lived many years in Persia and India, and studied philosophy as well as Greek philosophy. Has been hailed as the latter said, that did not give birth to other philosophies like Socrates.
Attributed to al-Biruni and Byron (now in Pakistan), had his lot with MahoratIbn Sina. Indicate Theages individual temperament, and the difficulty in his life began. Was more in correspondence of the complaint, but his life has improved after this when he settled in court Ghaznavi
Has the effect of strongly-Razi al-Biruni in his book even a thousand, but al-Biruni was unable to agree completely Razi in his beliefs. The Shiite al-Biruni was then returned to the year, and it was great intolerance for sex, and sense of brash nationalism, and pride in itself. However, it stated that the Arab appreciate his time on the transfer of Varsitha sciences of his time, al-Biruni wrote his books in Arabic about half, but had reservations, especially on the Arabic script was written as a name to open parents and housed up.
With the depth of ideas Peronist, was characterized by his style of Arabic highly complex and brevity. The neglected Biruni in his time, and then in the Islamic East, has never known in Andalusia, was not translated into Latin in the Middle Ages. Europe did not know, but in the nineteenth century AD. Rosen, and when «is unparalleled in the scientific literature or the old broker in the East or the West». It was launched by the French Orientalist Sarton on his time, from the mid-10th century to the mid-11th century CE, the name «Peronist era».
His works include:He has al-Biruni in mathematics, astronomy, astrology, history, geography, geology, pharmacy, natural science and other sciences. He described the sapphire Hamwi heritage that he was carrying more than camel. Is also a Peronist Mosusaan of the greatest scientists of all time. His works have been estimated as approximately 180 authors, including books, articles and a message. The most important of these books (extract properties of tendons in the constituency where the curved line actually). The Peronist select the length of the chord, and created ten water in it. And select the pocket 18, eternity, the equivalent of 0.30915 which is present in Jaddaolna 0.3090, also worked for Perrone Bottar brackets, find the value of water 20 i / 9 = 0.68404027, which is present in Jaddaolna equal to 0.68404028, has tried to Biruni triangulation angle. And created a formula for a half-Qatar is the land base of al-Biruni: Q = (P - Jinan) / (1 - Jinan).
As well as one thousandth Biruni (Masoudi in the law and the stars), which has followed the example of Ptolemy's works, and make an introduction and three parts. It includes (Law Masoudi) for 11, 135 Pope article. Examines the first part of it (4 articles) in the universe and the earth and ether and calendars). And second (4 articles) in the countries and the distances and movements of the sun and the planets and the solar and lunar eclipses. And third (3 articles) in the sky images. It has been said that he gave to al-Biruni wrote his book to Sultan Masud, Sir Sultan has three beauty loaded with silver, he returned that al-Biruni, saying he only serves the science of science is not for money.
It works in astronomy, al-Biruni (work Balastrlab) and (the traditions), as well as his letters (scattered in the body), which collected 11 Communication various of them (the establishment of proof on the circle of Bozjani) and (how to flatten the ball to Sagani). Peroni and in astrology (Altfahim stars of the early industry), and Geochemistry (Aljmaher to know the jewels), which consists of two parts. First of which language, looking at what was said in gems and metals from literature and poetry. The second arrange gems to sapphire, and Bdkhchi, and Bjave, and Diamond, and Staazj, and pearl, and emerald, and turquoise, and divides the metals to mercury, gold, silver, copper, and iron, and the ESRB, and zinc, and alum, and copper, white, and copper cast. Has dedicated his book al-Biruni (Aljmaher) conquest of the king my father Moudud bin Masood. Biruni has identified specific weight of the eighteen metal and stone, and denied the possibility of converting minerals, and ignore the magical properties of stones.
Have moved us from Al-Biruni correspondence with Ibn Sina about 20 messages. He may, in the general history (the lingering effects of centuries-free), which was highly recognized in Europe. India has all along (Rachikat India) is a famous history book (for India to achieve what of the argument acceptable or Mrzulh). Biruni was known that the plains of India was under water, sediments and the sea had deposited on it. And to the Al-Biruni serious attempts to flatten the image, and simplify the mapping.
He produced al-Biruni in Pharmacy (Pharmacy in the Book of Medicine), which includes real estate properties derived from plants and herbs, animals and minerals. In the book, chapters on the duties and work of the pharmacist
Specialization:Philosopher and historian, a doctor and chemist and mathematician, astronomer, mine algorithm.
Birth:Born in the algorithm in 973 CE and died in Baghdad in 1051 AD.Born in the village from the outskirts of the capital of the Khorezm Cath. But do not know per Specifically, as he himself said, "I do not really know the ratios ... I do not know who was my grandfather."
Its inception:Grew up in the algorithm and studied the plant sciences to the world of Grecian, and then left at about the age of twenty to the coast of the Caspian Sea, which escape the pain of the disorder. In the new home met the second by Professor Abe easy Isa Christian. After the raft-Biruni, and lived many years in Persia and India, and studied philosophy as well as Greek philosophy. Has been hailed as the latter said, that did not give birth to other philosophies like Socrates.
Attributed to al-Biruni and Byron (now in Pakistan), had his lot with MahoratIbn Sina. Indicate Theages individual temperament, and the difficulty in his life began. Was more in correspondence of the complaint, but his life has improved after this when he settled in court Ghaznavi
Has the effect of strongly-Razi al-Biruni in his book even a thousand, but al-Biruni was unable to agree completely Razi in his beliefs. The Shiite al-Biruni was then returned to the year, and it was great intolerance for sex, and sense of brash nationalism, and pride in itself. However, it stated that the Arab appreciate his time on the transfer of Varsitha sciences of his time, al-Biruni wrote his books in Arabic about half, but had reservations, especially on the Arabic script was written as a name to open parents and housed up.
With the depth of ideas Peronist, was characterized by his style of Arabic highly complex and brevity. The neglected Biruni in his time, and then in the Islamic East, has never known in Andalusia, was not translated into Latin in the Middle Ages. Europe did not know, but in the nineteenth century AD. Rosen, and when «is unparalleled in the scientific literature or the old broker in the East or the West». It was launched by the French Orientalist Sarton on his time, from the mid-10th century to the mid-11th century CE, the name «Peronist era».
His works include:He has al-Biruni in mathematics, astronomy, astrology, history, geography, geology, pharmacy, natural science and other sciences. He described the sapphire Hamwi heritage that he was carrying more than camel. Is also a Peronist Mosusaan of the greatest scientists of all time. His works have been estimated as approximately 180 authors, including books, articles and a message. The most important of these books (extract properties of tendons in the constituency where the curved line actually). The Peronist select the length of the chord, and created ten water in it. And select the pocket 18, eternity, the equivalent of 0.30915 which is present in Jaddaolna 0.3090, also worked for Perrone Bottar brackets, find the value of water 20 i / 9 = 0.68404027, which is present in Jaddaolna equal to 0.68404028, has tried to Biruni triangulation angle. And created a formula for a half-Qatar is the land base of al-Biruni: Q = (P - Jinan) / (1 - Jinan).
As well as one thousandth Biruni (Masoudi in the law and the stars), which has followed the example of Ptolemy's works, and make an introduction and three parts. It includes (Law Masoudi) for 11, 135 Pope article. Examines the first part of it (4 articles) in the universe and the earth and ether and calendars). And second (4 articles) in the countries and the distances and movements of the sun and the planets and the solar and lunar eclipses. And third (3 articles) in the sky images. It has been said that he gave to al-Biruni wrote his book to Sultan Masud, Sir Sultan has three beauty loaded with silver, he returned that al-Biruni, saying he only serves the science of science is not for money.
It works in astronomy, al-Biruni (work Balastrlab) and (the traditions), as well as his letters (scattered in the body), which collected 11 Communication various of them (the establishment of proof on the circle of Bozjani) and (how to flatten the ball to Sagani). Peroni and in astrology (Altfahim stars of the early industry), and Geochemistry (Aljmaher to know the jewels), which consists of two parts. First of which language, looking at what was said in gems and metals from literature and poetry. The second arrange gems to sapphire, and Bdkhchi, and Bjave, and Diamond, and Staazj, and pearl, and emerald, and turquoise, and divides the metals to mercury, gold, silver, copper, and iron, and the ESRB, and zinc, and alum, and copper, white, and copper cast. Has dedicated his book al-Biruni (Aljmaher) conquest of the king my father Moudud bin Masood. Biruni has identified specific weight of the eighteen metal and stone, and denied the possibility of converting minerals, and ignore the magical properties of stones.
Have moved us from Al-Biruni correspondence with Ibn Sina about 20 messages. He may, in the general history (the lingering effects of centuries-free), which was highly recognized in Europe. India has all along (Rachikat India) is a famous history book (for India to achieve what of the argument acceptable or Mrzulh). Biruni was known that the plains of India was under water, sediments and the sea had deposited on it. And to the Al-Biruni serious attempts to flatten the image, and simplify the mapping.
He produced al-Biruni in Pharmacy (Pharmacy in the Book of Medicine), which includes real estate properties derived from plants and herbs, animals and minerals. In the book, chapters on the duties and work of the pharmacist
