الخميس، 15 سبتمبر 2011

Geniuses Egyptians






ElBaradei, an Egyptian scientist


Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an intergovernmental organization that is part of the United Nations system. He was appointed to the office effective 1 December 1997, and reappointed to a third term in September 2005.


From 1984, Dr. ElBaradei was a senior staff member of the IAEA Secretariat, holding a number of high-level policy positions, including Agency's Legal Adviser and subsequently Assistant Director General for External Relations.


Dr. ElBaradei was born in Cairo, Egypt, in 1942, son of the late Mostafa ElBaradei, a lawyer and former President of the Egyptian Bar Association. He gained a Bachelor's degree in Law in 1962 at the University of Cairo, and a Doctorate in International Law at the New York University School of Law in 1974.


He began his career in the Egyptian Diplomatic Service in 1964, serving on two occasions in the Permanent Missions of Egypt to the United Nations in New York and Geneva, in charge of political, legal and arms control issues. From 1974 to 1978 he was a special assistant to the Foreign Minister of Egypt. In 1980 he left the Diplomatic Service to join the United Nations and became a senior fellow in charge of the International Law Program at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. From 1981 to 1987 he was also an Adjunct Professor of International Law at the New York University School of Law.


During his career as diplomat, international civil servant and scholar, Dr. ElBaradei has become closely familiar with the work and processes of international organizations, particularly in the fields of international peace and security and international development. He has lectured widely in the fields of international law, international organizations, arms control and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and is the author of various articles and books on these subjects. He belongs to a number of professional associations, including the International Law Association and the American Society of International Law.


In October 2005, Dr. ElBaradei and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for efforts "to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way." In addition, he has received multiple other awards for his work. These include the International Four Freedoms award from the Roosevelt Institute, the James Park Morton Interfaith Award, and the Golden Plate Award from the Academy of Achievement. Dr. ElBaradei is also the recipient of a number of honorary degrees and decorations, including a Doctorate of Laws from New York University and the Nile Collar – the highest Egyptian decoration.


Dr. ElBaradei is married to Aida Elkachef, an early childhood teacher. They have a daughter, Laila, a lawyer in private practice, and a son, Mostafa, a studio director with a television network, both of whom live and work in London, England.


 zewail
On the banks of the Nile, the Rosetta branch, I lived an enjoyable childhood in the City of Disuq, which is the home of the famous mosque, Sidi Ibrahim. I was born (February 26, 1946) in nearby Damanhur, the "City of Horus", only 60 km from Alexandria. In retrospect, it is remarkable that my childhood origins were flanked by two great places - Rosetta, the city where the famous Stone was discovered, and Alexandria, the home of ancient learning. The dawn of my memory begins with my days, at Disuq's preparatory school. I am the only son in a family of three sisters and two loving parents. My father was liked and respected by the city community - he was helpful, cheerful and very much enjoyed his life. He worked for the government and also had his own business. My mother, a good-natured, contented person, devoted all her life to her children and, in particular, to me. She was central to my "walks of life" with her kindness, total devotion and native intelligence. Although our immediate family is small, the Zewails are well known in Damanhur.
The family's dream was to see me receive a high degree abroad and to return to become a university professor - on the door to my study room, a sign was placed reading, "Dr. Ahmed," even though I was still far from becoming a doctor. My father did live to see that day, but a dear uncle did not. Uncle Rizk was special in my boyhood years and I learned much from him - an appreciation for critical analyses, an enjoyment of music, and of intermingling with the masses and intellectuals alike; he was respected for his wisdom, financially well-to-do, and self-educated. Culturally, my interests were focused - reading, music, some sports and playing backgammon. The great singer Um Kulthum (actually named Kawkab Elsharq - a superstar of the East) had a major influence on my appreciation of music. On the first Thursday of each month we listened to Um Kulthum's concert - "waslats" (three songs) - for more than three hours. During all of my study years in Egypt, the music of this unique figure gave me a special happiness, and her voice was often in the background while I was studying mathematics, chemistry... etc. After three decades I still have the same feeling and passion for her music. In America, the only music I have been able to appreciate on this level is classical, and some jazz. Reading was and still is my real joy.
As a boy it was clear that my inclinations were toward the physical sciences. Mathematics, mechanics, and chemistry were among the fields that gave me a special satisfaction. Social sciences were not as attractive because in those days much emphasis was placed on memorization of subjects, names and the like, and for reasons unknown (to me), my mind kept asking "how" and "why". This characteristic has persisted from the beginning of my life. In my teens, I recall feeling a thrill when I solved a difficult problem in mechanics, for instance, considering all of the tricky operational forces of a car going uphill or downhill. Even though chemistry required some memorization, I was intrigued by the "mathematics of chemistry". It provides laboratory phenomena which, as a boy, I wanted to reproduce and understand. In my bedroom I constructed a small apparatus, out of my mother's oil burner (for making Arabic coffee) and a few glass tubes, in order to see how wood is transformed into a burning gas and a liquid substance. I still remember this vividly, not only for the science, but also for the danger of burning down our house! It is not clear why I developed this attraction to science at such an early stage.
After finishing high school, I applied to universities. In Egypt, you send your application to a central Bureau (Maktab El Tansiq), and according to your grades, you are assigned a university, hopefully on your list of choice. In the sixties, Engineering, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Science were tops. I was admitted to Alexandria University and to the faculty of science. Here, luck played a crucial role because I had little to do with Maktab El Tansiq's decision, which gave me the career I still love most: science. At the time, I did not know the depth of this feeling, and, if accepted to another faculty, I probably would not have insisted on the faculty of science. But this passion for science became evident on the first day I went to the campus in Maharem Bek with my uncle - I had tears in my eyes as I felt the greatness of the university and the sacredness of its atmosphere. My grades throughout the next four years reflected this special passion. In the first year, I took four courses, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and geology, and my grades were either excellent or very good. Similarly, in the second year I scored very highly (excellent) in Chemistry and was chosen for a group of seven students (called "special chemistry"), an elite science group. I graduated with the highest honors - "Distinction with First Class Honor" - with above 90% in all areas of chemistry. With these scores, i was awarded, as a student, a stipend every month of approximately £13, which was close to that of a university graduate who made £17 at the time!

Farouk El-Baz



Young brown bears on his face all the features of genuine Egyptian, after 41 years spent in an immigrant in America, suggest some of the Egyptian dialect Asamama between the letters .. They call "King" Despite what you feel in the spirit of simplicity .. It d. Farouk El-Baz .. Director of the Institute of Space Research at the University of Boston .. Reported what was said about him on the lips of "Alfred and sleeve," one astronaut in the Apollo flight to the moon when they arrived: "After training King .. I feel like I came here before."How was the beginning? .. What is a jump shift? .. What holds d. Farouk in his dreams?
HomeDr. Born. Farouk in the first of January 1938, a simple case of a family in the village of Tokh Sanblawin pens from the villages in the province of Dakahlia, encouraged by parents on the gradient in the different stages of education, where they were always believe in his abilities and his genius .. His father was the first to obtain an education in his village Azhari .. His mother was, despite its simplicity to help him in making crucial decisions, where they have the innate intelligence as described by d. Farouk.His wish was to be a surgeon for the brain .. But his hopes ended in failure when he was not allowed a total of total enrollment at the Faculty of Medicine; so much so in the spirit of the least enthusiastic to join the Faculty of Science - Ain Shams University - and chosen without the College of Dentistry; because it was closer to home, and take walking to an hour and a half, which helps him not to Sharks wasted in going to public transport .. Although it was aired since childhood Go to Scout trips and collecting rock samples, did not hear about the science of geology - the source of his genius - but when he joined the Faculty of Science.He received his BSc (Chemistry - Geology) in 1958, and taught geology at Assiut University until 1960, when he won a scholarship to complete his studies in the United States. Received a Masters degree in geology in 1961 from the Institute of Mineralogy, Mo. U.S. .. And received honorary membership in one of the important associations (Sigma Xi) in recognition of his thesis, he earned his doctorate in 1964 and specialized in economic technology .. And was able to visit during this period, important mines, and collect thousands of samples from the country of the world visited.
Back to EgyptThe eyes of Dr.. Farouk always heading to Egypt for the duration of his stay in America. Collected his samples and his research and returned to his country, and all hope for the establishment of a Higher Institute of Geology in his beloved .. But the surprise was waiting for him .. "You receive a teacher of chemistry at the Higher Institute of Suez", so simply after eight years in the study of geology, studying chemistry at the Institute have not heard of him before.Despite his shock and surprise, did not lose hope .. And go to the ministry officials to hear one, but his efforts failed after three months of perseverance .. He was forced to go to receive the Institute's work in this mysterious; in the hope that one hears after the receipt of his new job.But he met a friend there is some reason God made him to change the course of his life, he met one of his fellow physicists, and the holder of a nuclear engineering from Russia, and was forced to teach sound and light, which advised him not to receive his work so as not to lose everything .. Vahtal d. Farouk and withdraw his papers after the minutes of their submission to the Department of the Institute.
Way to the immigration"I did not imagine the days to migrate away from my country" .. D uttered. Baz is the story of his emigration; In December of 1966 and after years of suffering, he decided to travel secretly to America; fear of thorny political conditions that were in Egypt at that time. And there began the arduous journey in search of work, due to the arrival after the start of the school year, did not accept any university of universities; took sends requests for admission to the companies exceeded cent in the number, that sent him a "NASA" that she asked geologists specializing in the moon approval center d surprise. Farouk.The irony is that he did not know anything about the geology of the moon, NASA came he did not know where it will have an affair. The jurisprudence of God to a geological conference in which they occur and scientists for moon and Vohath Mnkhvdhath and mountains. Did not understand something, which is what was said for three consecutive days, and when he asked a man seated on a book combining the terrain, he replied: "We do not need to any book we know everything about him" .. His answer to the research and knowledge, and entered the library that reverberated with the lunar images, dusty, and has been studying image 4322 for three whole months, and reached the excellent information.
Jump shiftD discovered. Baz said that there are about 16 places suitable for landing on the moon, and in the second conference which was attended by. D was. Baz on the podium shows the findings of the central question for the audience what it is, even the world, who told him before we know everything about the moon and said: "Now that we discovered we do not know anything about the moon."Income Baz Date NASA, and was given the two main tasks in the first flight to land human on the moon: the first is the selection of landing sites on the surface of the moon, and the second crew training astronauts to describe the moon in a geological science, and collect the required samples, and filmed with modern equipment associated with.In recognition of his teacher, sent a "Neil Armstrong" a letter in Arabic to the ground, and took with him a paper written by Al-Fatihah and a prayer d. Farouk named after him success.
D start. BazThe launch of Apollo and the success of his mission brighten d star. Farouk El-Baz, after attending the year 1967 AD to 1972 AD, and his name began to take place in the scientific press and American television.After completion of the mission of Apollo, took part with the Smithsonian Institute in Washington in the establishment and management research center in the International Museum of the universe of space.In 1973, he worked as head of global observation and photography project in the Apollo-soyuz who made the first Soviet-American mission in July 1975.In 1986 he joined the Boston University Center for Remote Sensing using space technology in the areas of geology, geography, has developed a system of remote sensing in the discovery of some Egyptian antiquities.
Baz .. Leading the desertD direction. Baz then to study the desert .. During the 25 years he spent in this area so far, interested in filming the dry areas, especially in the North African desert, gathering information from the Sahara during his visits per basic around the world .. The most distinguished of his visit to the desert in the north-western China after the normalization of relations with the United States in 1979 .. Because of his research was elected a Fellow of the American Institute for the Advancement of Science AAAS.Which characterizes the d. Baz used modern techniques in the study of the desert, where he used first in the Western Desert in Egypt, then the desert of Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, and others.His research has refuted the previous information that the Sahara was one of the results of human action, and it proved a natural evolution of the climate changes of the land.Chosen by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, a scientific adviser to his government in 1978 -1981 AD, and charged him with the task of selecting the areas of desert suitable for the establishment of new urban projects. The scientific way to explain how accurate utilization of natural resources to his native Egypt. Called to the importance of studying the groundwater, which wastes a lot of them in the seas and oceans without the use of, and apply space technology to study and study paths Lakes depleted.Club - and still calls - "Bakmr particular specialist of the desert"; because all the satellite images in place but have to study the vegetation, and as the first people to study our land of the desert West, which has nothing, and it has worked to establish centers of study space photography and remote sensing in Qatar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE.
Mobilization of certificates and medalsD elected. Baz as a member, or an envoy or the head for about 40 institutes, councils and committees .. Which elected an envoy to the Third World Academy of Sciences TWAS in 1985, and became its advisory board in 1997, and a member of the Council of space science and technology, and head of the institution maintaining the Egyptian antiquities, and a member of the International Center of Physics Academy of UNESCO, the envoy of the African Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Islamic Academy of Sciences Pakistan, a founding member of the Arab Academy for Science, Lebanon .. And Chairman of the Arab Society of Desert Research.D wrote. Baz, 12 books, including the Apollo over the moon, the desert and dry land, the Gulf War and the environment, Atlas of satellite photos of Kuwait .. And participates in the Advisory Board for several international scientific journals.Written numerous articles, and has many meetings about the story of his life and reached the forty .. Including "Egyptian stars in the sky", "Al-Ahram to the Moon", "farmer boy over the moon" .. And others.D won. Baz on nearly 31 award, we recall, for example: Achievement Award of Apollo, medal, Special Science Award of the training team from NASA, Award team flag Aalghemriaat, award the team at Project Apollo U.S. Soviet Award Merit First Class of the President Anwar Sadat, the Golden Door Award from the International Institute in Boston, the son of the distinctive province of Dakahlia, has been named the primary school in his name .. Which is within the Board of Trustees of the Geological Society of America, the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, Council of Egyptian-American relations.Was established by the Geological Society of America annual award in his name called the "Farouk El-Baz Award for Desert Research."D of papers. Baz published scientific to about 540 scientific papers, either by alone or with others .. And supervises many doctoral dissertations.
Scientific vision and social lifeD pain. Farouk believes that when the Arab governments in the developing tail of the country, due to the lack of appreciation of science in our Arab countries, and not to make room for human creativity. He says that developed countries spend at least 2% of their GDP on scientific research, and we spend less than ½%, and we spend 98% of these funds on salaries and administrators .. D wonder. Baz, from the Arab countries that do not know to what extent that may help in all aspects of science and other fields.D Gal. Farouk world, east and west, and lectured in many research centers and universities .. I love scouting trips, and collect rock samples from a young age .. He is fluent in Arabic and English fluently and also speaks some German, French and Spanish .. Accused by some as extreme self-confidence, but he always says: "Knowledge is a trust, I do not say anything until after the study well" .. And d. Baz is married to an American, a father of four daughters are: bright, rich, generous, and Feroz .. Found for three of the grandchildren.D say. Baz: "Thank God Almighty I saw things I did not see her twentieth gay", this is d. Farouk El-Baz and Bbdayate Advances and dreams .. How many like him who Nbgua and contrived, but .. Outside their homes.

  Dr. Magdi Yacoub

Sir Magdi Habib Yacoub Egyptian-British professor and a prominent heart surgeon was born in November 16, 1935 in the Eastern province of Belbeis to the family of Coptic Orthodox descend assets of Assiut.He studied medicine at the University of Cairo and educated in Chicago and then moved to Britain in 1962 to serve London Chest Hospital, then became a specialist heart and lung surgery in the hospital Harfield (from 1969 to 2001) and director of scientific research and education (since 1992).Was appointed professor at the National Institute for the heart and lung in 1986. Interested in the development and transfer of heart surgery techniques since 1967. In 1980, the process of transferring the heart of the patient and Drake Morris, who became the longest patient transfer European heart alive until his death in July 2005.Among the celebrities who had operations for them was the British comedian Eric Morecambe. And Queen Elizabeth II awarded him a knighthood in 1992 and called in the British media title of king of hearts. When he became 65 years old retired from surgery and continued as a consultant and stock transfers to the members. In 2006 cut his retirement Magdi Yacoub operations to lead the complex process that requires removal of the heart implanted in a patient after healing of the natural heart.Where the heart is still the natural child of the patient during the transplant and the former carried out by Sir Magdi Yacoub. Obtained a Fellowship Royal College of Surgeons in London and got the titles and honorary degrees from Brunel University and Cardiff and Ovbura and Middlesex (United Kingdom) and Lund, Sweden

 Mostafa El_sayed
Professor of Chemistry at the University of Georgia, TechnologyDr. Mostafa El-Sayed graduated from the Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University in 1953. And ranked first on the first installment, and has traveled to America on a scholarship and settled even today, but its relevance was never interrupted his homeland of Egypt.Elected member of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States in 1980, and took over the 24-year tenure as editor of "Journal of physical chemistry," one of the most important scientific journals in the world.It also won the King Faisal International Prize for Science in 1990 and numerous awards academic scientific institutions of science the various American and Fellowship Academy of Arts and Sciences, American cinema, and the membership of the American Association of Physical Science, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Third World Academy of Sciences.Focused research, Dr. Mustafa al-Sayyid about using technology nanotechnology in medicine, particularly in cancer research, with the participation of his son, Dr. Ayman professor of surgery head and neck cancer center at the University of California at San Francisco, has concluded that particles of gold nanoparticles help in the discovery of cells cancer, and when heated can destroy cancer cells.Expected to apply his invention in the treatment of cancer foil gold nanoparticles within seven years from now, after the successful 100% of infected animals in the treatment of human cancers using nanometric gold compounds.Got the world, Dr. Mustafa Ali's highest accolade, a scientific American in the field of chemistry for 2007, and received at a ceremony in the White House in September 2008, and received the National Medal of Science, Technology and Innovation, was honored in a number of scientists have made about 100 innovation record of their names and influenced thought scientific, and chairing the scientific institutions and departments in the best American universities.Dr. Mostafa El-Sayed received this award in recognition of his contributions to the understanding of human visual and electronic properties of nanomaterials and their applications in nanoscale stimulation of Medicine and the nanoscale, and also for his humanitarian efforts in promoting the exchange of ideas and for his role in the development of future leadership in science.He was awarded the Order of the Republic of the first layer in the January 28, 2009 - Egypt
 

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