Inventions

Ingenuity lies in the pistol Samuel Colt in his determination to make in large quantities at once. While offering Colt patented in the year 1839, guns were made ​​hard-won once at the hands of skilled craftsmen.

Graeme says Reimer at the Museum of «Royal Ermauriz»: «the demand for weapons then a major in the United States of America. Colt designed the gun can be made by small parts and machines so they can be collected at a later time and can replace these parts with other parts. Thus, you no longer need to proficient craftsmen ».

This result, periods of reduced manufacturing in a factory Colt named «Colt Armory» and cost and increased profits. Imitated this strategy is often mentioned as an example of the first large-scale production and a model for other laboratories that have contributed to the outbreak of the American Industrial Revolution. Thanks to obtaining a patent can not be refuted and the monopoly of a real, collecting a wealth of Colt revolver, the estimated value of the estates of his death at 47 years in 1862 to U.S. $ 15 million, or 7.5 million pounds. The

 Christiaan Huygens

Mathematician was born in April 14, 1629 and died in the July 8, 1695, a Dutch astronomer and physicist. Hoguns knows his theory to the spread of the principle of wave Hoguns.

Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 - 18 February 1967) American physicist and teacher of theoretical physics at the University of California, Berkeley. The scientific director of the Manhattan Project to build the first nuclear weapon in World War II and is known to Oppenheimer's father, a nuclear bomb. Oppenheimer was known for saying: Now it is death, devastating the world (in English: Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.) After the completion of making a nuclear bomb. After the war, Oppenheimer became the supervisor of the President of the Committee of the American nuclear power and used his position to pressure and control the uses of nuclear energy and to avoid nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. Received awards from the American presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson.

Oppenheimer, a scientist known for the founder of the American school of theoretical physics while working at the University of California, Berkeley. Served as Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies successor to Einstein, also achieved Oppenheimer important achievements of physics (such as zoom Born - Oppenheimer) and worked on the theory of (proton - electron) and the Oppenheimer - Phillips and black holes and quantum mechanics and the theory of the quantum and cosmic rays

.James Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867) is the world of English chemist and physicist. One of the participants in the science of the electromagnetic field and electrochemical. We have studied the Faraday's magnetic field on the conductor carrying an electric current continuously and thus lay the foundations of electromagnetism. A discoverer of the theory of inductance and magnetic permeability and the laws of electrolysis. Is that the magnetic influence on light rays and laying the foundations of the link between these two phenomena. The invention of the electromagnetic devices beginning of a technology electric motors. And thus becomes the first to make electricity is something practical to use the technology.The Faraday as a scientist he was the first chemist to discover the gasoline. And studied the issue of gas hydrates and invented the machine burning gasoline, one of the words of the elevator and called the cathode and the electrode and the ion. Although Michael Faraday was studying mathematics in school is a few of them but it was a world class feat as that of the greatest scientists in history. In the international system of units, we calculate the value of intensive and we measure the farad unit name which Michael Faraday. There is also a fixed Faraday also named after him, which is equal to 96.485, a Coulomb charge one mole of electrons. As his name was called Faraday's law to urge that says that the change in time creates the magnetic forces of electric driving. Faraday was the first won office Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Faraday was a devout Christian and was a member of the Church of Sandemnaan

Physicist and mathematician and a French philosopher best known for his experiments on fluids in the field of physics, and his work on probability theory in mathematics is invented the calculator. Pascal was able to contribute to a new style of French prose his collection of rural communications.Pascal led the work of the task in the field of fluid pressure to find a principle called the law of Pascal, who emerged during the fifties of the seventeenth century AD. This principle states that the liquids are transported in the blood pressure equally in all directions, as shown in the operations of air compressors, vacuum pumps, cranes, hydraulic cranes, cars and compressors. Pascal experiments helped to demonstrate that air has weight, and air pressure can result in a vacuum, so the scientists removed the doubts at the time the possibility of the existence of the void.During the fifties of the seventeenth century gave Pascal, French mathematician Pierre de Fermat probability theory, and discussed some of its applications. Pascal was designed in 1654 organized a triple of numbers where each number is equal to the sum of the two figures adjacent to him from the right, and on his left side in the row that is directly above. Can be used that organization, which is called Pascal's triangle in the calculation of probabilities. See: permutations and combinations. Pascal invented the calculator also lead the operations of addition and multiplication

DVT was born in year 1632 in the Netherlands, medium and his family spent his entire life a small staff in the government. Leeuwenhoek married twice and fathered six children and did not have grandchildren, and was in good health, has been working actively until hours before his death, was visited in his house, great literature, science and politics of his day, visited the Russian Czar Peter the Great and Queen of England. He died in the same city where he was born in the nineties of the age.

The reason for his discovery of the microbe is because he was an amateur for the consideration of the microscope was not easy at this time impossible to buy the public, and therefore installed the microscope for its own use. Did not learn the art of making lenses and the evacuation of the glass industry as a prelude to the appropriate lens. But he managed through the installation of lenses on each other to get on the efficiency of a visual is not in the capacity of any microscope user at the time. Among the lenses that made ​​one was able to grow things 270 times. There is evidence that lenses made ​​with the ability to zoom in more things than that. Was Leeuwenhoek man patient, persistent and strong note, and was able to Badsath this to be seen many of the materials from human hair to the drops of blood and drops of water, insects, tissue and muscle, and record his observations are all with the utmost care, and that he drew everything he saw under the microscope

Under the Leeuwenhoek correspond British Royal Society since 1673 a Society leader in the whole world, and although he does not speak language other than Dutch, has elected him a member of the association in 1680, and it became a correspondent for the Academy of Sciences in Paris. It is worth mentioning that the first to discover the installation sperm, and the first description of red blood cells, was opposed by the theory of automatic reproduction of the lower forms of life. Provided ample evidence supports his view, has proved to be quite Alragat breed insects with wings.But his greatest discovery came when the year 1674 he recorded his first observations of microbes. In a single drop of water discovered a world unto itself, a whole new world no doubt, and although he did not know what was discovered exactly, it is the first to point to it, however, discovered he had great importance in human history, these small objects the many other in Avenzan and animals, has been able to find microbes in many places: in the swamps and rain water in the mouths of the human intestine, and was able to add different types of bacteria, according to all sizes. Did not show the importance and seriousness of the discovery of this Evenak only when the back of the great French scientist Pasteur. After two hundred years it has remained dormant microbiologist asleep until he came to the nineteenth century when the development of lens sizes and industry developed a microscope

German physicist nationality. Discoverer of X-rays known as X-rays or Röntgen rays in 1895. And studied many of the characteristics of this discovery has opened up prospects in the fields of medicine and physics. Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901

Born in the city of Rotngen between ((now known as Remcaad b)) in Rhinh Prussia and was the only child of the dealer and manufacturer of clothing. Charlotte called the nation Frowein Konstanz Amsterdam. In March 1848 he moved with his family to the city of Apeldoorn and Wilhelm grew up in the Netherlands. Received early education in a boarding school called (Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn) in Apeldoorn from 1861 to 1863. He joined the school in Utrecht Ambcht said he was expelled for refusing to disclose the identity of a colleague was accused of making a bad image for a teacher in the school. Not only was expelled and he showed later that he could not enroll in any gym other Dutch or German. In 1865 he tried to enroll at the University of Utrecht, without a certificate such as the students get the other two. Heard that he joined the Swiss Federal Institute in Zurich Institute (now known as ETH Zurich) passed the examinations there, and began to study there as a student in mechanical engineering. In 1869 he graduated with a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich, and once became a favorite student of Professor August Aont which was followed by the University of Strasbourg in 1873

In 1874 became Rotngen lecturer at the University of Strasbourg, in 1875, became a professor at the Academy of Agriculture at Hohenheim, Württemberg. He returned again to the University of Strasbourg, a professor of physics in 1876. In 1879 he was appointed to head the Department of Physics at the University of Giessen. In 1888 he was appointed to head the University of Würzburg in 1900 he was appointed to head the University of Munich as a result of a specific request from the state government of Bavaria. Röntgen had family in Iowa in the United States has decided to CMS. Although he accepted an appointment at Columbia University in New York City and had already bought tickets across the Atlantic Ocean, but the outbreak of World War changed his plans and stayed in Munich for the rest of his life

Is said that Louis Lumiere «inventor of cinema with his brother,» said the cameraman, who works with him one day: «You know that the job show them you have no future, they are like the work of the players, the circus can last six months or a year and possibly more or less». Perhaps the Lumiere on the fence about the industry and its future and that is exactly Matjaozh Charles Pate (1863-1957) from the outset to be a huge empire.I have been associated with the invention of cinema and the beginning of the Lumiere brothers, built up because of the view that they invented a machine Smyaha «Sinmaturav» beneficiaries of previous research in this area was doing the most important are the months the American inventor Thomas Edison. In the twenty-second of March 1885 the Lumiere brothers had rented a cafe in Paris to display Avlamanma that one of them does not exceed two minutes, such as «the workers leaving the Lumiere factory» to score so the beginning of the film and the seventh art. But the paradox is that French was the last more confident and optimistic about the industry of new artistic and it will return the main reason in the consolidation of the industry, development and dissemination in the world.The man was Charles Pate industry Alfotgravea former born in 1863 with his brother Emile establishment «Company Pate» Decca logo, which was shouting like a miracle, awakens people to the cinema and then went whitening spread in the trends experienced by Napoleon. The fact that the title «Napoleon cinema» was launched of Film months French George Sadol because it could in a decade to establish an empire of industrial and large allowed France to achieve control of the market of world cinema until the beginning of the war, so that this company was able to purchase the rights to a company the brothers Lumiere itself, and supervised the design of advanced camera was able to impose its presence to the extent that some estimates said that sixty percent of all movies that were filmed before 1918 used the camera Pate.Besides, also was Pate who manufactures film crude was founded in 1902 company production requirements as that in the following years he began opening and foreign agencies to market its products later became the production companies huge in Spain, Italy, Britain, Italy and even in America, then all over the world. Pate is credited for establishing the true credit in the film industry in Australia, Japan, Brazil and India, the company also acquired the role of Pate permanent display in all parts of the world as well as create the most luxurious cinema hall in the world «Aumenaabbateh» in Paris in 1906. In the marketing of films and reached the company Pate of proliferation and influence the degree to which the shopping of the films twice films produced by U.S. companies combined in 1908, and the weakness of Matnottagh British companies in 1909 and was the company's profits are going rising until it reached fifty or a hundred times the cost of production. He could Pate to become the distributor of films rival loser George Mehlis «magician of light», who was in control of the French cinema between 1898-1904 before entering Pate this area, on whether the movies Mehlis fiction made the traditions of the play of wide fame has made some producers are forced to emulate his style to be able to rival. As a film historian David Cook: «the first artist to discover the potential of cinema film in narrative fiction» David tells the story of a nice Some people think it is fabricated, that when he was filming for the Mehlis is a snapshot in the streets of Paris, the camera suddenly broke down while he was filming a bus out of the a tunnel and then returned the camera to work and there is a vehicle to transport the dead going in the same place it was on the bus. And when he offered Mehlis film it seemed as if the bus had turned into a vehicle transporting the dead, making George W. Mehlis Elzimkane aware of the potential manipulation of the technical synthesis.One of the things that succeeded where Charles Pate when he was appointed «Frednan Zika» Director General of the studios, the company's huge, a man multi-talent who came from the world of singing in the halls music sensitively what the public wants, as presented to them pursuant comic mixed with witchcraft and crime, using a number of experts imaging The structure and innovation. Zika was able to outperform, sometimes even on the Mehlis, who for George Dabbagh out of the studio opposite Zika fond of filming in the open air. Continued Zika director of the production that has been resolved the company, and also succeeded company Pate in the annexation of talent the other is the comedian «Max Endeir» who was known worldwide through his playing the man is bad luck, he wanders the streets of Paris before the war in a large number of short films , which remains in for too subsequently had a significant impact on the work of well known English actor Charlie Chaplin.Another innovation is the successful company Pate Gazette film «Pate Gazette, in 1910, which was the weekly transfer of news video from its place to the world, and was also attracting the public to view films that are displayed in the hall after displaying the number of newspaper film weekly has continued this newspaper in the breasts until in 1956 after years of dismantling the company Pate.Was strong competition for the company Pate by a company Jōmon which started modestly but has grown following the methods of Pate in the expansion of the production and manufacture of equipment, film and distribution, building studios and galleries, linked to its success since taking over the management of «Alice G» the first filmmaker in 1906. Then became the studio Jōmon company is the largest in the world this competition has been heated until the World War came 1914, which cast a shadow on the great film industry declined and the French monopoly in the time that the film industry began to flourish as the American cinema industry got up everywhere after the war.In 1929 Charles Pate on approach to the aging announce his retirement after he gave up his privileges multiple and sold many properties of the Company and its subsidiaries in the world, withdrew from all association cinematic announcing sunset on one of Empires movie huge and registered his name as one of the most important filmmakers and patrons......